Paul Miller has canvassed youth wages, immigration and the results of a study of twins in his career of economic research.
His primary research interest is labour market performance, particularly as it relates to educational attainment, gender and ethnic and racial origin.
In 1994 he was a joint recipient with Paul Volker of ;the Economic Society of Australia's Best Paper Prize for the paper Youth Wages, Risk, and Tertiary Finance Arrangements, which was published in the 1993 Economic Record.
In 1997 he was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.
In 2001 he received (together with Barry Chiswick) the US based Milken Institute Award for Distinguished Economic Research for the paper Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment?
Winthrop Professor Miller has more than 100 publications in refereed journals on labour market issues.